Dun Carloway
Dun Carloway is a broch situated in the district of Carloway, on the west coast of the Isle of Lewis, Ross-shire. It is a remarkably well preserved broch - on the east side parts of the old wall still reach to 30 feet tall.
History
Most brochs were built in the period from 100 BC to AD 100. Dun Carloway was probably built in the 1st century AD.[1] Through the centuries Dun Carloway remained in use until the floor level was too high due to build-up of the occupation layers.[2]
The broch was occasionally used in later times as a stronghold. The Morrisons of Ness put Dun Carloway into use in 1601. The story goes that they had stolen cattle from the MacAuleys of Uig. The MacAuleys wanted their cattle back and found the Morrisons in the broch. One of them, Donald Cam MacAuley, climbed the outer wall using two daggers and managed to smoke-out the inhabitants by throwing heather into the broch and then setting fire to it.[3][4] The MacAuleys then destroyed the broch.[3]
Presumably in the 16th century the walls of the broch was still largely intact. In the middle of the 19th century a large portion of the top of the wall had disappeared, the stones being re-used in other buildings.[5] The situation in 1861 is shown in a drawing published in 1890 by Captain Thomas.[6] To prevent further decay Dun Carloway was in 1882 one of the first officially protected monuments in Scotland.[5] Five years later, the broch was placed under state management. Since this time restoration has been performed on the broch. At the beginning of the 20th century and in the 1970s there was limited archaeological excavation.[2]
Construction
Dun Carloway is built on a rock on a steep south slope at the height of 165 feet.[2] It is the best preserved broch in the Outer Hebrides.[4][7] The wall of the broch rises on the south side to 30 ft 2 in.[8] Only Mousa Broch and Dun Telve have walls that are higher. The original height of Dun Carloway is unknown. The broch overlooks Loch Carloway.
The external diameter is 46 ft 11 in; the internal diameter of the inner courtyard is 24 ft 3 in.[2] The walls vary in thickness from 9 ft 6 in to 12 ft 6 in from the south-east to the north.[2] The entrance is on the north-west side.[9] The entrance is 2 ft 6 in wide and 3 ft 4 in high. The walls on this side of the broch do not exceed the entrance capstone.[10] On the south side of the entrance-passage is a so-called "guard cell", a small side room in the hallway. The opening to the "guard cell" is 9½ inches square.[6] In the interior of the broch there are three additional openings. The opening on the eastern side, opposite the entrance, leads to the stairs located between the walls of the broch. The staircase runs along one quarter of the circumference of the broch.[6] The north-eastern opening (to the left of the staircase opening) gives access to an oval room. Here are traces showing that there were at least three peat ovens over the centuries.[2] The west opening (right, after entering the broch) provides access to a room under the staircase.[11]
In the south-eastern wall two large wall voids are visible. On the north side of the interior protrudes the rock upon which the broch was built. It is likely that there was an upper wooden floor,[4] as the scarcement (ledge) which could hold such a floor is visible 2 metres above ground level.[9] Although the remaining wall is higher than nine metres, there is no trace of a higher scarcement found.[12] This could mean that there was only one floor, or that a different method was used for higher floors.
Finds
Excavation in the north-eastern room found at least three peat-ovens used in the period 400-700. In this room were also a lot of pottery remains, as well as a fragment of a quern-stone and a collection of snail shells. The fireplaces contained no animal bones, which makes a domestic (preparing meals) use of the fires seem unlikely.[2] A more industrial application is also unlikely because of the absence of tools that were used in making ironwork. Probably the north-eastern room was only used for the manufacture of earthenware pots.[2]
Management
Dun Carloway has been in state management since 1887[13] and is now owned by Historic Scotland. The visitor centre is operated by The Standing Stones Trust.
References
- ↑ I. Armit & N. Fojut, Dun Charlabhaigh and the Hebridean Iron Age (1998). P. 10
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 C. Tabraham, Excavations at Dun Carloway broch, Isle of Lewis, Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 108 ( 1976-7) 156-167.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 F.W.L. Thomas, Traditions of the MacAuleys of Lewis, Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 14, 363-431.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 M. Coventry, The Castles of Scotland (2006), Fourth Edition, Birlinn Limited. ISBN 1-84158-449-5. Blz. 268.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 I. Armit & N. Fojut, Dun Charlabhaigh and the Hebridean Iron Age. P. 25
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 FWL. Thomas, Duns of the Outer Hebrides (1890), Archaeologica scotica, 5, 365-415.
- ↑ C. Burgess, Ancient Lewis and Harris, Comhairle Nan Eilean Siar (2008). ISBN 978-0-9519490-2-3. P. 70.
- ↑ I. Armit, Towers in the North - The Brochs of Scotland (2003). P. 55.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 I. Armit & N. Fojut, Dun Charlabhaigh and the Hebridean Iron Age (1998). P. 22.
- ↑ WM Mackenzie, Notes on certain structures or archaic type in the island of Lewis - beehive houses, duns and stone circles, Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 38, 173-204.
- ↑ I. Armit & N. Fojut, Dun Charlabhaigh and the Hebridean Iron Age (1998). P. 23.
- ↑ I. Armit, Towers in the North - The Brochs of Scotland (2003). P. 67.
- ↑ I. Armit & N. Fojut, Dun Charlabhaigh and the Hebridean Iron Age (1998). P. 6.
Further reading
- Ponting, Gerald; Ponting, Margaret (1980). M. Pointing. ed. A mini-guide to Dun Carloway Broch. Isle of Lewis. Callanish, Isle of Lewis: G. and M. Ponting.
Outside links
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("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Dun Carloway) |
- Location map: 58°16’10"N, 6°47’39"W