Dane John Mound
The Dane John Mound is a man-made mound at the edge of the city wall of Canterbury, Kent. A mound here possibly existed in the Roman period, but was built up as the motte of a castle in the 11th century. The land around the mound was turned into a civic park, the Dane John Gardens, between 1790 and 1803.
History
The first construction on the Dane John site was a burial mound, built during the Roman occupation of Canterbury between the 1st and 4th centuries AD.[1] In 1066, Canterbury was occupied by the Normans.[2] William the Conqueror instructed that a castle was to be built in the city; it was built on the south side of the city using the Dane John mound and formed part of the circuit of defence, with property being destroyed to make room for it.[3] This timber motte and bailey castle was later abandoned and the second Canterbury Castle was built just to the north in 1123.[4]
The Dane John Gardens were built between 1790 and 1803 by alderman James Simmons, in the south-east corner of the walls, remodelling the old castle motte, and incorporating the Roman bank and the mediæval wall-walk into the design,[5] although their design was later accredited to William Masters, the Canterbury nurseryman.[6] The ownership of the land was disputed, and the park was taken into the control of the city shortly after its construction.[7]
During the Second World War, part of the city walls near the Dane John Gardens were turned into an ammunition depot, dug into the bank of the wall.[7] The gardens are Grade II listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.[8] The monument atop the mound and the sundial are each Grade II listed structures.[9][10]
Location
- Location map: 51°16’30"N, 1°4’40"E
References
- ↑ Lyle 2002, p. 140.
- ↑ Lyle 2002, p. 56
- ↑ Turner 1971, p. 55; Creighton & Higham 2005, p. 68; Lyle 2002, p. 64
- ↑ Creighton & Higham 2005, p. 70; Lyle 2002, p. 65
- ↑ Creighton & Higham 2005, p. 242; "Dane John Gardens". Canterbury Historical and Archaeological Society. http://www.canterbury-archaeology.org.uk/#/dane/4557747850.
- ↑ Desmond, R. (1994). Dictionary of British & Irish Botanists & Horticulturists, p.475. Taylor & Francis, and Natural History Museum, London. ISBN 0-85066-843-3
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Dane John Gardens". Canterbury Historical and Archaeological Society. http://www.canterbury-archaeology.org.uk/#/dane/4557747850.
- ↑ National Heritage List 1001360: Dane John Gardens (Register of Historic Parks and Gardens)
- ↑ National Heritage List 1085047: Dane John Mound pinnacle (Grade II listing)
- ↑ National Heritage List 1085045: Sundial (Grade II listing)
- Creighton, Oliver; Higham, Robert (2005). Mediæval Town Walls: an Archaeology and Social History of Urban Defence. Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN 978-0-7524-1445-4.
- Lyle, Marjorie (2002). Canterbury: 2000 Years of History (Revised ed.). Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN 9780752419480.
- Turner, Hilary L. (1971). Town Defences in England and Wales. London, UK: John Baker. OCLC 463160092.