Bayham Old Abbey
| Bayham Old Abbey | |
|
Sussex | |
|---|---|
 The ruins of Bayham Abbey | |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | TQ650364 |
| Location: | 51°6’14"N, -0°21’21"E |
| Order: | Premonstratensian |
| History | |
| Founded: | 1207 |
| Information | |
| Condition: | Ruins |
| Owned by: | English Heritage |
| Website: | Bayham Old Abbey |
Bayham Old Abbey is a ruin in the care of English Heritage near Frant in Sussex. The ruins to be seen today are the remains of a mediæval abbey.
Founded c. 1207 through a combination of the failing Premonstratensian monasteries of Otham and Brockley, Bayham Abbey functioned until its dissolution at the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 16th century under King Henry VIII.
The ruins were partially modified in the late 18th century, to provide a better landscape feature during landscaping of the new Bayham Abbey mansion park, and were donated to the state in 1961.
The Old Abbey ruins are on the south side of the River Teise, in Sussex. The manor house which took its name stands across the river in Kent.
Location
Bayham Abbey lies within the valley of the River Teise. Premonstratensian canons often preferred secluded areas for their monasteries, and Bayham was such a location. The river provided a water supply and adequate drainage. As Bayham was founded through the conjunction of two abbeys with different mother houses - Sulby having founded Brockley and perhaps Durford being the mother house of Otham - Prémontré Abbey became the mother church of Bayham Abbey, which then assumed the prestige proper to a daughter of Prémontré.
The Abbey today
The abbey ruins are currently maintained by English Heritage. They largely consist of partial walls, though the room layouts can still be seen, and there remains many examples of ornate capitals and other carved stonework; including stone frameworks from the three giant windows comprising the nave. The quality of the work is particularly fine for a late thirteenth-century Premonstratensian abbey.
The abbey is sited on the Kent/Sussex border and is presumed to have had an entrance in each county. The ruin of a gatehouse, known as the Kentish gate, is situated nearby on the grounds. No trace has been found of the corresponding Sussex gate. Other buildings, normally associated with abbeys, such as stables and barns, are yet to be located.
Abbey history
Bayham was built from local sandstone in the first half of the 13th century by Premonstratensian canons. By the 15th century the original design had been enlarged with new transepts, though the original transepts are still visible within the structure.
The Abbey was home to Premonstratensian canons regular: that is to say they followed the life ascribed to St Augustine of Hippo, keeping the Augustinian rule in its purity.
The abbey was suppressed by Cardinal Wolsey in 1525 in his attempt to gain funding for two of his new colleges, before falling into the hands of Henry VIII in 1538. Once Bayham was under the King's control, it was leased to Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu, until Queen Elizabeth sold the estate outright. Following various changes in ownership, Bayham was finally sold to Sir John Pratt in 1714, and remained with that family until 1961, when it was donated to the English Heritage.[1]
The Camden family, descended from the Pratts, built the Dower house (otherwise known as Bayham Old Abbey House), on the estate as the old residence. The new grounds were landscaped by Humphry Repton, who included within his plans the old abbey, which Samuel Hieronymus Grimm had sketched about 1785, emphasising the grand scale and picturesque character of its ivy-clad walls.[2] Some modifications were made to the abbey during this time, memorialised in one of Repton's most complete "Red Books", with the inscription "Application of Gardening and Architecture united, in the formation of a new place".[3]
In 1872, the Camden family moved to the other side of the Teise valley, into the newly built Bayham Abbey House. The abbey remains as a picturesque landscape feature, and has been used for family infant burials.
Outside links
 |
("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Bayham Old Abbey) |
- Bayham Old Abbey – English Heritage
References
- ↑ National Monuments Record: No. 412193 – Bayham Abbey Ruin: Investigation History
- ↑ Illustration.
- ↑ Garden Visit guide: Bayham Abbey; the ruins were engraved for Amsink's Tunbridge Wells, 1809.
Rigold, S.E. (1974). Bayham Abbey (Guidebook). Revisions by J. Coad,. English Heritage. ISBN 1-85074-248-0. Elvins, Mark Turnham (1981). Bayham Abbey 1182-1982: its founder and his family. Hove: Chichester Diocesan Fund and Board of Finance. Colvin, H. M. (1951). The White Canons in England. OUP.