Balloch Castle
| Balloch Castle | |
|
Dunbartonshire | |
|---|---|
 Entrance front of Balloch Castle | |
| Type: | Country house |
| Location | |
| Location: | 56°-0’47"N, 4°34’59"W |
| History | |
| Information | |
| Owned by: | West Dunbartonshire Council |
Balloch Castle is an early 19th-century country house situated at the southern tip of Loch Lomond, in Dunbartonshire. Balloch was a property of the Lennox family from the 11th century, and the old castle was built in the 13th century.
In the 19th century John Buchanan of Ardoch demolished the ruins of the old castle and erected the present building as a Tudor Gothic delight. In 1915 the estate was bought by Glasgow City Corporation, and the estate has since designated as the Balloch Country Park, which since 2002 has been part of Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park.
The house is a Category A listed building. Although it has been periodically used for visitor facilities and council offices, it is now included on the Buildings at Risk Register.
History
The old castle
The lands of Balloch were granted to the Lennox family in 1072 by King Malcolm III,[1] forming part of the ancient mormaerdom (later earldom) of Lennox. The Earls of Lennox built the original Balloch Castle around 1238, and held it until approximately 1390.[1] Many of their early charters were dated at Balloch.[2] The earls afterwards moved their base to the island of Inchmurrin in Loch Lomond, where the remains of a late 14th-century castle can still be seen.[3]
Situated nearer the water than the present day castle, there are no standing remains, the earthworks can still be seen. An irregular mound, approximately 165 feet by 145 feet, surrounded by a ditch up to 16 feet across.[2] This site is given statutory protection as a scheduled monument.[4]
In the 15th century Balloch, along with the earldom of Lennox, came to the Stewarts of Darnley. It stayed in the Stewart family until 1652 when the 4th Duke of Lennox sold it to John Colquhoun of Luss.[5]
Balloch Castle
The present castle was built as a residence in 1808–1809 at the order of John Buchanan of Ardoch (1761–1839), who had bought the estate in 1800.[5] Buchanan was a Glasgow merchant, the son of Thomas Buchanan of Ardoch (died 1789). John Buchanan was involved in his father's hat-making business, and also like his father was a partner in the Ship Bank, Glasgow's oldest banking house, founded in 1749. He represented Dumbartonshire in Parliament from 1821–1826.[6][7][8]
The architect of the Tudor Gothic building was London-based Robert Lugar, who had designed the nearby Tullichewan Castle in 1792.[9] The building's turrets and crenellations are purely decorative with no defensive value. The lancet windows, tracery, hoodmoulds and blind arrow-slits are all borrowings from earlier building styles. Although an unimaginative designer, at Balloch Lugar helped to introduce the asymmetrical, "picturesque" form of castellated house into Scotland.[10] The new castle may incorporate stone from the earlier castle,[1] or the fabric of an earlier building on the site.[11] Buchanan established the parkland around the castle, including the planting of ornamental trees and imported shrubs.[5]
Later history
In 1830, Buchanan purchased the adjacent estate of Boturich, including a ruined castle a mile north of Balloch Castle. He again engaged Robert Lugar to rebuild the castle, which he then occupied, selling Balloch.[12] The latter passed through several owners in the 19th century, including Mr Gibson Stott, who made further improvements to the parks, and the Denniston-Brown family.[1]
In 1915, the Corporation of the City of Glasgow bought the castle the estate, extending to 815 acres, to provide publically accessible open space. Although still owned by Glasgow City Council, the park and house have been leased to Dunbarton District Council, and its successor West Dunbartonshire Council, since 1975. It was registered as a country park in 1980.[5]
The house has been a category A listed building since 1971.[11]
The house has periodically been used to provide visitor facilities and offices, with past occupants including the Nature Conservancy Council and the local Countryside Ranger Service.[5] By 2008 the building was in poor condition, and was added to the Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland. In January 2014, an application for listed building consent was lodged, to permit repairs to the now-disused structure.[13] In February 2014 West Dunbartonshire Council announced a programme of repairs to preserve the building.[14]
The estate
The castle grounds feature two main pleasure gardens, one to the north of the house including rhododendrons and azaleas that reach full bloom in late May and early June. To the south is a walled garden planted with flowers and shrubs, and surrounded by the second area of ornamental planting. Between these two areas, and sweeping down to the loch shore, is an area of grassed parkland with specimen trees. The whole is framed by ornamental and semi-natural woodlands.[15] In 2001, a £2.3-million of taxpayers' money was spent to restore the castle grounds, including the reopening of lost views and improved woodland management.
Outside links
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("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Balloch Castle) |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Balloch Castle". West Dunbartonshire Council. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. http://www.webcitation.org/6NYRadQeu.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Balloch Castle, Loch Lomond Park". Canmore. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/42493/details/balloch+castle+loch+lomond+park/. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
- ↑ "Loch Lomond, Inchmurrin, Castle". Canmore. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/42464/details/loch+lomond+inchmurrin+castle/. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
- ↑ "Balloch Castle, earthwork, Loch Lomond Park, scheduled monument information". Historic Scotland. http://data.historic-scotland.gov.uk/pls/htmldb/f?p=2300:35:3346738628017931::NO::P35_SELECTED_MONUMENT:3385. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 "Balloch Castle: site history". Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland. Historic Scotland. http://data.historic-scotland.gov.uk/pls/htmldb/f?p=2400:15:0::::GARDEN:GDL00042#history. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
- ↑ "BUCHANAN, John (1761-1839), of Ardoch and Balloch Castle, Dunbarton". The History of Parliament. http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/member/buchanan-john-1761-1839. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ↑ "Ship Bank". Lloyds Banking Group. http://www.lloydsbankinggroup.com/Our-Group/our-heritage/our-history/bank-of-scotland/ship-bank/. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ↑ "Dalmarnock House". The Glasgow Story. http://www.theglasgowstory.com/image.php?inum=TGSB00262. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ↑ "Tullichewan Castle". Canmore. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/42482/details/tullichewan+castle/. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ↑ Leach, Peter (2004). "Lugar, Robert (1772/3–1855)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37697. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/37697. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Balloch Castle listed building information". Historic Scotland. http://data.historic-scotland.gov.uk/pls/htmldb/f?p=2200:15:0::::BUILDING,HL:123. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
- ↑ "Boturich Castle listed building information". Historic Scotland. http://data.historic-scotland.gov.uk/pls/htmldb/f?p=2200:15:0::::BUILDING,HL:7627. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
- ↑ "Balloch Castle". Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. http://www.buildingsatrisk.org.uk/search/keyword/balloch%20castle/event_id/910601/building_name/balloch-castle-balloch. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
- ↑ "Cash committed to preserving Balloch Castle". Daily Record. 28 February 2014. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/cash-committed-preserving-balloch-castle-3192773.
- ↑ "Balloch Castle: Landscape components". Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland. Historic Scotland. http://data.historic-scotland.gov.uk/pls/htmldb/f?p=2400:15:0::::GARDEN:GDL00042#components. Retrieved 3 March 2014.