Old Man of Hoy
The Old Man of Hoy is a 449-foot sea stack on the cliff-bound west coast of the island of Hoy, in Orkney. It is formed from the Old Red Sandstone of the cliffs of Hoy and is one of the tallest stacks in Britain. It was created by the erosion of a cliff through hydraulic action at some time after 1750 (when the stack appears in the written record), and it is believed that the stack is no more than a few hundred years old, and so it may soon collapse into the sea.
Since it was first climbed in 1966, the Old Man has been popular with hardy climbers.
Geography
Location map: 58°53’9"N, 3°25’59"W The Old Man stands close to Rackwick Bay on the west coast of Hoy and can be seen from the Scrabster to Stromness ferry. From certain angles it is said to resemble a human figure.[1]
Winds are faster than 17.9 mph (8.0 ms-1) for nearly a third of the time, and gales occur on average for 29 days a year. Combined with the depth of the sea, which quickly falls to 197 feet, high-energy waves on the western side of Hoy lead to rapid erosion of the coast.[2]
Geology
The Old Man of Hoy is a red sandstone stack, perched on a plinth of basalt rock, and currently the tallest sea stack in Britain.[3][4] It is separated from the mainland by a 200-foot chasm strewn with debris, and has nearly vertical sides with a top just a few yards wide.[2] The rock is composed of layers of soft, sandy and pebbly sandstone and harder flagstones of Old Red Sandstone, giving the sides a notched and slab-like profile.[5][6]
History
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The Old Man is probably less than 250 years old, and may soon collapse.[2][7] The stack is not mentioned in the Orkneyinga saga, written around 1230, and on the Blaeu map of 1600, a headland exists at the point where the Old Man is now.[7] The McKenzie map of Hoy of 1750 similarly shows a headland but no stack, but by 1819 the Old Man had been separated from the mainland.[7] William Daniell sketched the sea stack at this time as a wider column with a smaller top section and an arch at the base, from which it derived its name.[7][8]
At some time in the early 19th century, a storm washed away one of the legs leaving it much as it is today, although erosion continues.[7] By 1992 a 130-foot crack had appeared in the top of the south face, leaving a large overhanging section that will eventually collapse.[2][4][7]
Climbing
The stack was first climbed by mountaineers Chris Bonington, Rusty Baillie and Tom Patey in 1966.[9][10] From 8–9 July 1967, an ascent featured in The Great Climb, a live BBC three-night outside broadcast, which had around 15 million viewers.[11] This featured three pairs of climbers: Bonington and Patey repeated their original route, whilst two new lines were climbed by Joe Brown and Ian McNaught-Davis and by Pete Crew and Dougal Haston.[12]
Red Szell became the first blind person to climb the Old Man, despite suffering from retinitis pigmentosa that left him with 5 per cent vision. With assistance from Martin Moran and Nick Carter, he scaled the stack in 2013.[13][14][15]
There are seven routes up the stack, the most commonly used of which is the original landward facing E1 (Extremely Severe).[16][17] A log book in a Tupperware container is buried in a cairn on the summit, as an ascensionists' record.[15][18] As many as fifty ascents of the stack are made each year.[18]
BASE jump
Roger Holmes, Gus Hutchinson-Brown and Tim Emmett made the first BASE jump from the stack on 14 May 2008.[19] Hutchinson-Brown died 11 days later during a jump in Switzerland.[20]
Outside links
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("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Old Man of Hoy) |
- Location map: 58°53’9"N, 3°25’59"W
- The Rock Queen at the Internet Movie Database Catherine Destivelle's solo ascent in 1998
References
- ↑ "My Old Man". Radio Scotland. http://www.bbc.co.uk/radioscotland/dayslikethis/stories/my_old_man.shtml. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Hansom, Jim (2007). West Coast of Orkney. JNCC. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/gcrdb/GCRsiteaccount2304.pdf.
- ↑ Seward 2011, p. 230.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "The Old Man of Hoy". Scapa Flow Landscape Partnership Scheme. http://www.scapaflow.co/index.php/wildlife_and_landscape/geology/the_old_man_of_hoy. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- ↑ Hansom, James D.; Evans, David J. A. (1995). "The old man of Hoy". Scottish Geographical Magazine 111 (3): 172-174. doi:10.1080/00369229518736960.
- ↑ "Old Man of Hoy". scottishgeology.com. http://www.scottishgeology.com/geo/regional-geology/northern_isles/old-man-of-hoy/. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Jim Hansom. "Old Man of Hoy". http://www.landforms.eu/orkney/old%20man%20of%20hoy.htm. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- ↑ "William Daniell: The Old Man of Hoy". Tate. http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/daniell-the-old-man-of-hoy-t02864. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
- ↑ "1966 climb: The Old Man of Hoy". Mountaineering Council of Scotland. http://web.archive.org/web/20090810022955/http://www.mountaineering-scotland.org.uk/climbthru/1966hoy.html. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- ↑ Thompson 2011, p. 231
- ↑ "The Great Climb". BBC Scotland. http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/greatclimb/sec3_pg3.shtml. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
- ↑ Latter 2009, p. 452
- ↑ Liz Roberts (30 June 2013). "Blind climber Red Széll: Old Man of Hoy ascent was dream come true". grough. http://www.grough.co.uk/magazine/2013/06/30/blind-climber-red-szell-old-man-of-hoy-ascent-was-dream-come-true. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ↑ Tina Gardner (28 June 2013). "Old Man of Hoy success for blind climber". British Mountaineering Council. https://www.thebmc.co.uk/old-man-of-hoy-success-for-blind-climber. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Red Szell. "The Blind Man of Hoy". UKClimbing. http://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/page.php?id=5602. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- ↑ "The Old Man of Hoy". orkney-seastacks.co.uk. http://www.orkney-seastacks.co.uk/oldman.htm. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- ↑ Chris Mellor. "The Old Man of Hoy: the routes". UKClimbing. http://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/page.php?id=69. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Grylls 2009, p. 234
- ↑ Roger Holmes. "Old Man Of Hoy - BASE 1st Descent". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUCLPJpdbV0. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
- ↑ "Angus Hutchison-Brown". The Scotsman. 1 July 2008. http://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/angus_hutchison_brown_1_1078381. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
Sources
- Grylls, Bear (2009). Bear Grylls Great Outdoor Adventures. Random House. ISBN 9781905026524. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ULw_9xQg_ygC.
- Latter, Gary (2009). Scottish Rock: North. Pesda Press. ISBN 9781906095079. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5NoTtY3HkegC.
- Seward, Albert Charles (2011). Geology for Everyman. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521238977. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NxlIZSIBU0QC.
- Thompson, Simon (2011). Unjustifiable Risk?. Cicerone Press Limited. ISBN 9781849653138. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mYW8LAHLNzoC.