View source for Holt, Norfolk

{{Infobox town
|name=Holt
|county=Norfolk
|picture=Byfords - geograph.org.uk - 562031.jpg
|os grid ref=TG078388
|latitude=52.90
|longitude=1.09
|population=3550
|census year=2001
|post town=Holt
|postcode=NR25
|dialling code=01263
|LG district=North Norfolk
|constituency=North Norfolk
}}
'''Holt''' is a tiny market town in [[Norfolk]], 23 miles north of the city of [[Norwich]], 9½ miles west of [[Cromer]] and 35 miles east of [[King's Lynn]]. The town is on the route of the A148 King's Lynn to Cromer road. The nearest railway station is in the town of [[Sheringham]]. Holt does have a station on the preserved [[North Norfolk Railway]], 'The Poppy Line', of which it is the south-western terminus.

The name “Holt” is plain English, and indeed Old English, for woodland, which described the landscape hereabouts.

==History==
===Origins===
Holt is located on wooded high ground of the [[Cromer]]-Holt ridge at the crossing point of two old by-ways and as such was a natural point for a settlement to grow. The town is listed in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086, which describes it as a market town and a port, and the nearby port of [[Cley next the Sea]] is described as Holt's port. It also had five watermills and twelve plough teams and as such was seen as a busy thriving viable settlement then. The first Lord of the Manor from the Domesday period was Walter Giffard; it passed to Hugh, Earl of Chester, who then left it to the De Vaux family. By this time Holt had a well-established market and two annual fairs which were held on the 25th of April and the 25th of November. Over the years Holt grew as a local place of trade and commerce. The weekly market which has taken place since before the 1080s was stopped in 1960s.

===The great fire of Holt===
On 1 May 1708 the town of Holt was devastated by a fire which destroyed most of the mediæval town in the matter of three hours. The fire started at Shirehall Plain and quickly spread through the timber houses of the town. The church was also badly damaged with its thatched chancel destroyed and the lead melted from the windows with the flames spreading up the steeple. Local reports of the time state that the fire spread so swiftly that the butchers did not have time to rescue their meat from their stalls on the market. The damage to the town was estimated to be in the region of £11,000. which was a massive amount of money at that time. After the fire the town received many donations from all over the country and the task of reconstruction began.

===Georgian Holt===
With most of the mediæval buildings destroyed in the fire the townsfolk set about rebuilding the town. The rebuilding made Holt notable for its abundance of Georgian buildings, that being the style of the day at the time when the town centre was rebuilt. However, the town repaired and retains its Norman parish church, which is dedicated to St Andrew. It has been noted that if the town of Holt had not been destroyed by the fire in 1708 it would now look very similar to the gorgeous town of [[Lavenham]] in [[Suffolk]].

==Local points of interest==
===Holt Hall===
The Hall was built in the 1840s and extended in the 1860s. The Hall is located in an 86-acre estate made up of ancient woodlands, lawns, lakes and gardens.

It was owned by Henry Burcham-Rogers, who inherited it from his father John Rogers in 1906. Henry Burcham-Rogers kept the Hall until his death in 1945.  Holt Hall is currently a Field Studies Centre run by Norfolk County Council.

===Byfords===
1-3 Shirehall Plain - The building is thought to be the oldest house in Holt (the cellar dates back to the 15th century), a survivor of the great fire of Holt in 1708 and a further fire in the building in 1906.
The premises traded as a hardware shop or ironmonger's for over 100 years under the ownership of the Byford family. Byfords is now run as a cafe, delicatessen, and B&B.

===Blind Sam===
Blind Sam is the name given locally to the Queen Victoria Jubilee Lantern located in Obelisk Plain. From the year of Victoria's Golden Jubilee in 1887 until 1921 it stood in the Market Place, where it had two functions - to provide light to the Market Place and to provide drinking water from two fountains at the bottom. The light was powered by the town's gas supply, which at the time was sporadic and unreliable, hence the nickname "Blind Sam". It was moved to Obelisk Plain in 1921 to make way for the War Memorial. Made by ironmongers in [[Glasgow]], it was restored locally in the 1990s.

===The Obelisk===
The pineapple-topped obelisk at Holt is one of a pair gateposts from [[Melton Constable]] park, the other having been given to the town of Dereham in 1757. Each gatepost had the distances to various places from Holt and Dereham respectively carved into the stone. At the start of Second World War, in order to avoid assisting the enemy in the event of invasion, the townspeople of Dereham dumped their obelisk down a deep well, where it remains to this day. The people of Holt whitewashed their obelisk at the start of Second World War and it remains in good condition and a cause of great interest.

===Holt water tower===
The town's water was pumped from the common land at Spout Hills to the water tower in Shirehall Plain. The tower was made from bricks, built in 1885 and was 56 feet high. It held around 150,000 gallons of water and the water level inside the tank could be read from the ground. The tower was demolished in the 1950s.

===Holt windmill===
A brick-built windmill was erected in the late eighteenth century: when put up for sale in the summer of 1792 it was described as "newly built". It was used by many different owners until the early 1920s. The sails were removed in 1922 and the rest of the machinery was removed in the 1930s. The brick tower was then used for storage until deemed unsafe. The brick tower was demolished in the 1970s. There are now homes on the site, known as Mill Court.

===RAF mid-air collision (1968)===
On 19 August 1968, two Royal Air Force jet aircraft collided at 14,500 feet over the town of Holt. All 7 crew from both aircraft were killed. A memorial stone hangs inside St Andrew's Church.

==Around the town==
===Holt Country Park===
Holt Country Park is a short walk from the town. It has had a chequered history, including a horseracing course, heath, farmland, forestry, and woodland garden. It has now been developed into a tranquil woodland dominated with Scots pine and native broadleaves. Its rich ground flora supports an abundant display of wildlife including deer. The Park has achieved a Green Flag Award every year since 2005. The park is very popular with school and families where they join in environmental and arts events throughout the year. The park has many amenities that include two car parks, visitor centre and public toilets, way-marked routes suitable for walkers and wheelchairs and pushchair users. There is also orienteering posts in the park for groups to use. The park is free to the public with a small charge for parking.

===Holt Lowes===
[[File:Holt Lowes.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Holt Lowes]]
The Lowes is an area of heathland of around 120 acres to the south of Holt set aside by the Inclosure Act of 1807. The poor of Holt had grazing rights for an animal and also had the right to take wood and gorse from the land for their own use. It is likely that the land was never used by the poor of Holt as the land was not wholly suitable. The Lowes was used for military training during First World War. It is open to the public along with Holt Country Park. The Lowes has long been recognized as an important area for wildlife, with records going back to the 18th Century. It was declared an SSSI in 1954 and for a while managed as a nature reserve by the Norfolk Wildlife Trust, which continues to act as Managing Agents for the Trustees. As on all lowland heaths, there is a constant need for management to prevent the encroachment of trees. Recent work has concentrated on clearing a large part of the mixed valley mire, an area of Sphagnum bog that supports plants like Sundews and several species of Dragonfly, including one, the Keeled Skimmer, found nowhere else in East Anglia.<ref>http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002710.pdf</ref>

===Spout Hills===
Spout Hills consist of 14 acres of green space, which provided the town of Holt with all of its water needs, enabling it to grow and flourish. An old reservoir still exists but the pumping station was dismantled in the 1950s. A working party is currently restoring and conserving the hills for future generations by removing scrub, keeping the pastures clear and managing the woodlands which have grown up over the last 50 years.

==Events==
The Holt Summer Festival started in 2009 is an arts festival. The event ran for a week and included music, theatre, literature, cinema and art. The next Holt Summer Festival is planned for July 2010.

Holt's Christmas lights are seen by many people as the best in the county and bring people to the town from near and far through November and December. The Holt Christmas lights have been running for a number of years and are accompanied by a number of other attractions in the town centre, mainly sponsored by local people and businesses. The lights switch on night is usually followed by local radio and television coverage in the last week of November.

==Sport and recreation==
*Rugby: [http://www.holtrfc.com/ Holt Rugby Club], formed in 1961
*Football: [http://www.holtunitedfc.co.uk/ Holt United], formed in 1894
*Hockey: Holt Harlequins Hockey Club

Holt has a [[King George V Playing Field|King George's Field]] in memorial to King George V.

==Outside links==
*[http://www.holttowncouncil.org/ Holt Town Council]

==References==
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