Newquay Airport

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Cornwall Airport Newquay
Newquay Airport
Newquay Airport
Code IATA: NQY, ICAO: EGHQ
County Cornwall
Public / Military
Owner Cornwall Council
Operator Cornwall Airport Ltd.
Location SW869646
50°26’35"N, 5°0’6"W
Runway(s) 9,000 feet (Grooved asphalt)
Website

Cornwall Airport Newquay (IATA: NQY, ICAO: EGHQ) is the main commercial airport for Cornwall, and is laid out at Mawgan in Pydar, 4 nautical miles north-east of the town for which it is named; Newquay, on Cornwall's north coast.

The runway was operated by RAF St Mawgan before 2008, and is now owned by Cornwall Council and operated by Cornwall Airport Ltd.

The airport handled 461,300 passengers in 2017, a 24.2% increase over the previous year. Newquay has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction. The Cornwall Air Ambulance is based at the airport. Since 2012, the airport has hosted the Aerohub enterprise zone.

The 2,744 metre (9,003 ft) runway can take the largest and fastest of civil and military aircraft, having been built and maintained for decades as an RAF maritime operations base. The US Navy were present with the USN AWD storage facility and Joint Maritime Facility. With the end of the Cold War and changes in American political priorities, the Americans pulled out of all involvement with the base by the end of 2009. The last RAF flying squadron based at St Mawgan was 203(R) Squadron which moved out in 2008, while part of the site continues to be used by the RAF.[1]

The airport is also the location of Spaceport Cornwall. The facility has the capability to launch small space satellites into low Earth orbit using an air-launch-to-orbit type system.[2]

History

Military use

The airfield was opened in 1933 as a civilian facility, but was requisitioned at the outbreak of Second World War and named RAF Trebelzue to support other bases in the Cornwall area. The base was renamed RAF St Mawgan in 1943, after expansion. The facility was then handed to the USAAF and there were a number of improvements, including the building of a new control tower and expansion of the current runway. The airfield was put under maintenance in 1947, and reopened as a Coastal Command base in 1951.

Since 1951, aircraft squadron which have operated at the station have included 7 Sqn., 22 Sqn., 203 Sqn. (Sea King OCU, 1996–2008); 220 Sqn (later renamed 201); 228 Sqn. (later renamed 206), both Long Range Reconnaissance Squadrons; No. 42 Squadron RAF (BAe Nimrod) (disbanded 1992), No. 236 Operational Conversion Unit RAF, the Nimrod front-line conversion-to-type unit (1970-1992). In addition, Royal Air Force Regiment squadrons No. 1 Squadron RAF Regiment and 2625 Sqn (Royal Auxiliary Air Force) were present. 2625 Sqn was disbanded on 1 November 2006, whilst 1 Sqn RAF Regt relocated to RAF Honington. The others relocated or closed. In 2005, RAF St Mawgan was one of the bases shortlisted to house the new Joint Combat Aircraft (JCA), but this was not to be.

Flying operations at RAF St Mawgan (on the opposite side of the runway to the civil terminal) ceased in December 2008.

Transition to fully civilian airport

Looking over the apron

Before 2008, the airport operated as dual civilian/military airport, with the civilian side known as Newquay Civil Airport. In 2008, the airport closed from 1 to 19 December, to allow time for the takeover of the airfield navigation services (i.e. air traffic control) from RAF St Mawgan and to fully meet CAA standards. Following further inspections by the CAA, flights recommenced on 20 December 2008.[3]

An extension opened in 2006 increased the terminal's size by 20%, allowing the airport to handle up to 450,000 passengers a year. In January 2008,

Aerohub enterprise zone

In August 2011, the UK government announced that the airport's bid to host an enterprise zone for aerospace businesses had been successful.[4] The Aerohub enterprise zone was launched in April 2012.[5]

Organisations attracted to Aerohub by 2014 included Classic Air Force and the Bloodhound Supersonic Car project.[5]

From 29 March 2013, Classic Air Force has operated from the airport using a variety of aircraft,[6] including the world's oldest flying British jet aircraft and the only flying Gloster Meteor T7. rom April 2013 until 2017, it has also operated a museum in the 70,000 square foot Hangar 404, which was previously used to service the Hawker Siddeley Nimrods of RAF St Mawgan.[6] Some of the now-closed museum's exhibits remain elsewhere on the airfield under different ownership. Since 2015, a new venture known as 'Cornwall Aviation Heritage Centre' (CAHC), was opened at the Aerohub.[7]

Testing of Bloodhound SSC at speeds of over 200 mph was performed on the runway in 2017,[8] in preparation for a 500 mph test run on its new specially created race track at Hakskeen Pan, South Africa in 2019, leading to an attempt on the land speed record in the future.[9]

Plans have been submitted to build the world's deepest artificial pool in Cornwall to train astronauts and help advance undersea robotics.[10]

A Cycle-hub is due to be built near Newquay Aerohub Business Park on council-owned land and is the result of a partnership between British Cycling, Cornwall Council and Sport England.[11]

Spaceport Cornwall

Cosmic Girl carrying LauncherOne

In June 2019, the UK government and Cornwall Council announced they were prepared to invest up to £20M into the airport to create the Spaceport Cornwall as a base for Virgin Orbit. The system, in support of the UK space industry,[12] would launch satellite-carrying rockets to space from under the wing of a converted Virgin Atlantic Boeing 747 jumbo jet by the early 2020s dependent on the business case put forward.[13] On 5 November 2019, the UK Space Agency announced that it would provide £7.35M to establish Virgin Orbit operations at Spaceport Cornwall.[14]

On 30 September 2022, Spaceport Cornwall was officially launched, with the opening of their Space Systems Integration Facility (SSIF).[15] The SSIF would house the LauncherOne rocket and a clean room for handling payloads and integrating them into the fairing of the rocket. The Spaceport will eventually be home to the Centre for Space Technologies consisting of the SSIF and a soon to be completed Space Systems Operation Facility, an adjacent R&D work and office space by early 2023. The Spaceport is intended to be a hub for innovation within the local area working with new businesses and to take a global lead in responsible launch, working with the University of Exeter to achieve the ambition of being the first spaceport globally to reach Net Zero.

Future plans include having rockets manufactured on-site rather than transported in from the United States. A mission control centre is also being built with plans for mission control to direct three missions a year.[16]

On 16 November 2022, it was announced that Spaceport Cornwall had been granted an operating licence by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) allowing it to send satellites into space.[2] The first launch from the spaceport using the Virgin Orbit LauncherOne system took place on 9 January 2023 with a payload of several small satellites. However, after being released by its carrier aircraft, the LauncherOne rocket suffered an upper stage engine anomaly at approximately 180 km (112 miles) altitude on its ascent into space, failing to achieve orbit and resulting in the loss of the payload.[17][18]

After failing to secure new investment, Virgin Orbit halted operations in March 2023 and filed for bankruptcy in the US in April 2023, subsequently agreeing to sell key assets to other aerospace companies and ceasing operations.[19][20][21]

Spaceport Cornwall have announced that they are looking to work with other launch operators, such as US company Sierra Space in the future.[22]

Outside links

 ("Wikimedia Commons" has material
about Newquay Airport)

References

  1. ↑ "RAF St Mawgan". Royal Air Force. Ministry of Defence. https://www.raf.mod.uk/our-organisation/stations/raf-st-mawgan/. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Spaceport Cornwall granted operating licence". BBC News Website. 16 November 2022. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cornwall-63646480. 
  3. ↑ "Newquay Cornwall Airport reopens to commercial flights under new civilian licence - DN - Defence Notes - Shephard Media" (in en). https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/defence-notes/newquay-cornwall-airport-reopens-to-comm/. 
  4. ↑ "Newquay airport named as enterprise zone". BBC News Online. 17 August 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cornwall-14554299. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Aerohub at Newquay Cornwall continues to attract businesses". Airport World. 27 November 2014. http://www.airport-world.com/news/general-news/4660-aerohub-at-newquay-cornwall-attracting-businesses-to-its-enterprise-zone.html. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 FlyPast. Stamford: Key Publishing Ltd. March 2013. p. 6. 
  7. ↑ "Cornwall Aviation Heritage Centre". https://padstowlive.com/things-to-do/cornwall-aviation-heritage-centre/. 
  8. ↑ "BLOODHOUND Dynamic testing – Run reports". 16 October 2017. http://www.bloodhoundssc.com/newquay-2017/bloodhound-dynamic-testing-run-reports. 
  9. ↑ "BLOODHOUND 500 – SOUTH AFRICA 2019". 15 December 2017. http://www.bloodhoundssc.com/BLOODHOUND500. 
  10. ↑ "Plans to build world's deepest pool in Cornwall to train astronauts". The Guardian. 2 June 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jun/02/worlds-deepest-pool-could-be-built-in-cornwall. 
  11. ↑ "Cornwall cycling hub 'to form Tour of Britain legacy". BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cornwall-58454233. 
  12. ↑ "The UK Space Industry". UK Parliament House of Commons Library. 23 April 2021. https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9202/. 
  13. ↑ Amos, Jonathan (4 June 2019). "Investment offer to take Cornwall and Virgin into orbit". BBC News Website - Science & Environment. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-48521386. 
  14. ↑ "U.K. Government to fund spaceport improvements for Virgin Orbit". 6 November 2019. https://spacenews.com/u-k-government-to-fund-spaceport-improvements-for-virgin-orbit/. 
  15. ↑ "Countdown to Cornwall: Spaceport Cornwall Officially Open for Business". Spaceport Cornwall Website. 30 September 2022. https://spaceportcornwall.com/press-releases/countdown-to-cornwall-spaceport-cornwall-officially-open-for-business/. 
  16. ↑ Harding, Thomas (19 August 2022). "From Cornwall to the cosmos: Britain's spaceport future is unveiled". The National. https://www.thenationalnews.com/weekend/2022/08/19/from-cornwall-to-the-cosmos-britains-spaceport-future-is-unveiled/. 
  17. ↑ "LauncherOne: Virgin Orbit reveals why UK's first rocket launch failed as it plans further attempts". Sky News. 12 January 2023. https://news.sky.com/story/launcherone-virgin-orbit-reveals-why-uks-first-rocket-launch-failed-as-it-plans-further-attempts-12785138. 
  18. ↑ "UK space launch: Historic Cornwall rocket launch ends in failure". BBC News. 10 January 2023. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-64218883. 
  19. ↑ "Virgin Orbit: Richard Branson's rocket firm files for bankruptcy". BBC News. 4 April 2023. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-65172594. 
  20. ↑ Sheetz, Michael (30 March 2023). "Virgin Orbit fails to secure funding, will cease operations and lay off nearly entire workforce" (in en). https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/30/virgin-orbit-funding-ceasing-operations-layoffs.html. 
  21. ↑ Browne, Ed (10 January 2019). "Virgin Orbit: Facts about the bankrupt air-launch provider" (in en). https://www.space.com/42975-virgin-orbit.html. 
  22. ↑ "Virgin Orbit: Richard Branson's rocket firm files for bankruptcy". BBC News. 4 April 2023. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-65172594. 
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