Hetton-le-Hole
| Hetton-le-Hole | |
| County Durham | |
|---|---|
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | NZ354474 |
| Location: | 54°49’15"N, 1°26’56"W |
| Data | |
| Population: | 14,402 |
| Post town: | Houghton Le Spring |
| Postcode: | DH5 |
| Dialling code: | 0191 |
| Local Government | |
| Council: | Sunderland |
| Parliamentary constituency: |
Houghton and Sunderland South |
Hetton-le-Hole is a town in County Durham, on the A182 between Houghton-le-Spring and Easington Lane. Its recorded population in 2001 was 14,402 includes the population of the nearby village of Easington Lane.
Great Eppleton Wind Farm, a wind farm of four dual bladed alternators, helped provide electricity to the National Grid. The original wind turbines have been replaced by larger three bladed versions. The turbines are far enough away from local houses to not cause any audible disturbance.
The name of Hetton-le-Hole is from a division of the area into two manors. "Hetton" is from Old English.: Heppe dun means "Bramble Hill". The ancient manor, which was bounded by that of Elemore, was divided into two parts known as Hetton-on-the-Hill and Hetton-in-the-Hole, the latter was the more sheltered part, and that became known as Hetton-le-Hole.
History
The history of the Hetton area can be traced back for up to a thousand years. Hetton gave a name to the local landowning family, the le Hepdons who owned part of the Manor from the very earliest times. The manor of Hetton was divided into two parts, Hetton-on-the-Hill and Hetton-in-the-Hole, and today's hetton-le-Hole is the latter. Records exist of the many holders of the manor back to the 14th century. William de Hepdon held half the Manor by deed in 1363 and in 1380, William de Dalden held the other half. Even earlier charters go back to 1187 and make mention of the early village of Heppedune, its people, houses, crofts, ox-gangs and strips of land for the villagers in the three great fields around the settlement. In 1187 Bertram de Heppedune held the manor for the King and the other de Hepdons were his descendants.
Coal mining has been carried on in the surround area since Roman times. Coal was then obtained by drift mining, but by the 14th century shafts were used. In 1819 the Hetton Coal Company was formed and the first shaft sinking began a year later. It was a highly controversial undertaking, with geologists doubtful as to whether coal of any value existed there. The Hetton Coal Company owners also decided to build a wagonway from their new Hetton colliery to the River Wear at Sunderland. George Stephenson was hired to build the 8-mile run. The finished result used a combination of gravity down inclines and locomotives for level and upward stretches, and was the first railway to use no animal power at all. The methods he adopted were still used until 1959 as was some of the original machinery.
This industry led to a rapid increase in the size of Hetton and over 200 houses for the miners were built at once. These have all but gone now, but twelve of these former mining cottages from Francis Street in the Hetton Downs area of the town were re-erected stone by stone at Beamish Open Air Museum, Stanley, near Chester-le-Street.
The miners' strike of 1984 brought about hardship for many of the workers. Two local unsigned bands (The Pigeon Fanciers & Haswell Crisis) recorded and released a single to both raise money for the families and to recognise the contribution made by miners over the years in their locality. Their adapted version of a Bob Dylan classic failed to chart, but the project did make a slight profit as local support from other mining communities ensured that 'Knocking on Hetton's Floor' sold in excess of 1000 copies.
Today, nothing now exists of the mine in Hetton. The former mine complex has disappeared and spoil tips have been removed, although some remain in nearby Haswell. The surrounding area has been landscaped and is now occupied by a lake and leisure facilities. There is also a quarry where sand is mined. This is now undergoing a reformation. A view of this shows that around 15% of the large quarry has been smoothed, and there is now fresh grass in its place which looks more attractive to the eye. However there is still work in progress. The quarry is just a short walk north from the lakes.
The decommissioned St Nicholas' Church on Front Street was destroyed in November 2006. It is unknown if arson was the cause of the fire.[1] It has previously been listed due to its architectural significance.
Outside links
References
- ↑ "UK | England | Wear | Church fire treated as suspicious". BBC News. 2006-11-05. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wear/6118856.stm. Retrieved 2012-09-19.