Woodhall Spa

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Woodhall Spa
Lincolnshire
Broadway - geograph.org.uk - 1255239.jpg
The Broadway, Woodhall Spa
Location
Grid reference: TF196631
Location: 53°9’5"N, 0°13’6"W
Data
Population: 4,003  (2011)
Post town: Woodhall Spa
Postcode: LN10
Dialling code: 01526
Local Government
Council: East Lindsey
Parliamentary
constituency: 		Louth and Horncastle

Woodhall Spa is a village in Lincolnshire within a wooded area on the southern edge of the Lincolnshire Wolds, about six miles southwest of Horncastle and about fifteen miles east of Lincoln. The village is noted for its mineral springs (from which the village took the suffix to its name), cinema (The Kinema in the Woods), and its Second World War association with the RAF 617 Squadron. The cinema has the last remaining rear screen projector in the country.

History

The development of the spa

The derelict Spa Baths

Woodhall Spa came about by accident in 1811 after John Parkinson, of Old Bolingbroke made several attempts to find coal. After spending several thousand pounds, and sinking a shaft over 1,000 feet deep, the enterprise was abandoned on account of the now rising spring.[1][2] The spring flows continuously through soft spongy rock, at a depth of 520 feet.[3]

About 1834, the then Lord of the Manor, Thomas Hotchkin, ascertained by analysis that the water was in fact valuable, being an iodine and bromine containing mineral spring.[4] He spent nearly £30,000 sinking the well and erecting the Spa Baths and the Victoria Hotel.[5]

The Victoria Hotel burned down on Easter Day, 4 April 1920 when an electrical fault in the boiler room spread to the linen room above.[6] The Spa Baths finally closed when the well collapsed in 1983.

Other hotels which sprang up due to Woodhall Spa's popularity included:

  • The Legacy Woodhall Spa Hotel, which opened in 1882 as the Eagle Lodge Hotel[7] Converted into a nursing home in the 1960s, it reopened as a hotel in 1991
The Golf Hotel
  • The Golf Hotel, originally called Clevedon House
  • The Royal Hydro Hotel and Winter Gardens - destroyed by a parachute mine which fell on 17 August 1943, the surviving parts becoming the Mall Hotel.[8][9]
  • The Petwood Hotel, built as a house at the turn of the 20th century for Lady Grace Weigall, in her favourite wood, her "pet wood", and turned into a hotel in 1933.[8]

The heyday of Woodhall Spa was recorded by a local photographer, John Wield, and many of his photographs are displayed in the Woodhall Spa Cottage Museum, which was his home.[8][10]

Much of the village's |Victorian elegance remains, and since January 1991 it has been a designated conservation area.

Railways

The Great Northern Railway company built a branch line from their Peterborough – Lincoln line to Horncastle, with a station at Woodhall Spa railway station, opened on 11 August 1855.[11]

The railways brought increasing popularity; and an elegant spa town with hotels and guest houses on wide tree-lined avenues, largely designed by Richard Adolphus Came, grew up around the original facilities. He stated in his designs that none of the roads shall be "streets", which is still true today; and the roads built since have also been lined with various trees. In 1886 the estate was purchased by a syndicate and extensive alterations and improvements were made.[1] The Victoria Hotel and the Spa Baths were greatly modified by the Syndicate, a group of investors including Lord Alverstone, Lord Iddesleigh, and Edward Stanhope MP in 1887.

Woodhall and Woodhall Spa stations closed along with the rest of the Boston to Lincoln line in 1971 and demolition came soon afterwards.[11]

The Second World War

In the Second World War Woodhall Spa's two main hotels, The Golf Hotel and The Petwood Hotel, were requisitioned for the RAF, and Pinewoods used to hide military equipment, especially on its northern perimeter. RAF Woodhall Spa airfield was built to the south of the village[12] in the parish of Tattershall Thorpe. It closed for operational purposes in 1964, although it is still owned by the Ministry of Defence, used mainly for jet engine maintenance and testing, and is operated as a satellite unit of nearby RAF Coningsby.[13][14]

A memorial wall depicting the breaching of the German dams in Operation Chastise, otherwise known as the "Dam Busters" raid, stands at the crossroads in the centre of the village. It is dedicated to the memory of those from 617 Squadron who were lost during the night of 16–17 May 1943.[15]

The memorial is the location of a local school choir photograph, published in Lincolnshire Life magazine, which included a black Labrador dog; the photo-caption asks if this "mysterious" animal was Guy Gibson's dog, which was run over and killed shortly before Gibson departed to bomb German dams.[15]

Historic estates

The Manor House

The Manor House in Woodhall Spa appears to have been built in the 18th century.[16] In the first half of the 19th century it was known as Woodhall Lodge or simply The Lodge. It was occupied by several generations of the Hotchkin family, originally from Rutland. Thomas Hotchkin (1774–1843) died there in June 1843 (Stamford Mercury, 9 June 1843). In 1861 it was in the possession of his grandson Thomas John Stafford Hotchkin.[17] By the 1880s it had become known as The Manor House, and Thomas John Stafford Hotchkin lived there until he died in 1891. His widow Mary moved into a purpose-built Dower House in 1906 enabling son Stafford Vere Hotchkin and his new wife to move into the Manor House. Stafford Hotchkin's son Neil sold the property in 1965 to the National Farmers Union, who sold it in 1992.[18] It housed a number of different offices until 2011, after which it became empty. In 2013 it was restored for use as a hotel.

Tower-on-the-Moor

The Tower-on-the-Moor

The Tower-on-the-Moor, a four-storey high red brick-built tower, is the stair turret of what is believed to have been a hunting lodge built in the mid 15th century for Ralph de Cromwell, 3rd Baron Cromwell whose fortified house, Tattershall Castle, was located four miles to the south.[19] It is a Grade II Listed Building,[19] and a scheduled Ancient Monument.[20] Documentary sources indicate that the tower was partly dismantled in the latter part of the 15th century when bricks from the Tower on the Moor were used for repairs at Tattershall Castle.[21][22] One of the older local roads in Woodhall Spa, Tor-O-Moor Road is named after the tower.

Recreation

The Kinema in the Woods

The Kinema in the Woods

The Kinema in the Woods is located at the centre of the Pinewoods next to the now derelict Spa Baths and opposite the site of the former Victoria Hotel. Housed in a converted cricket pavilion, when it opened in 1922 it was one of the first cinemas in Britain. It is one of the few cinemas in the country that still employs back projection[23][24] and also offers regular entertainment on an original Compton Captain Organ.

Jubilee Park

Jubilee Park, opened in 1937, lies adjacent to the Pinewoods and includes Jubilee Park Swimming Pool, a heated outdoor swimming pool. The park also offers tennis courts, a bowling green, children's playground, croquet and a cricket ground,[8] which is home to Woodhall Spa Cricket Club.

In December 2010 East Lindsey Council sold Jubilee Park to the Woodhall Spa residents for £1.[25] It is currently undergoing renovations.[26]

Footpaths

The Spa Trail

Several footpaths run through the parish, including:

Church

St Peter's Church was built in 1893[27] although it was not until 1915 that it was legally designated the parish church.[27] Until then the little church of Saint Andrews, built in 1846,[28] was the parish church, but was too small for the rapidly growing town.[27]

Outside links

Commons-logo.svg
 ("Wikimedia Commons" has material
about Woodhall Spa)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kellys Directory, 1919
  2. ↑ Hembry, Phyllis; Cowie, Leonard W; Cowie Evelyn E. (1997). British spas from 1815 to the present: a social history p.148; Farleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 978-0-8386-3748-7
  3. ↑ Kellys Directory. Kellys Directorys Ltd. 1919. http://www.historicaldirectories.org/exe/wwt.dll/pdf?fn=e:\hdapps\0000b1bl.pdf. Retrieved 28 May 2011. 
  4. ↑ Granville, A. B. (1841). The Spas Of and Principal Sea Bathing Places. Henry Colburn. pp. 110–113. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DKQ8AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA111&dq=hotchkins+woodhall+spa&hl=en&ei=q6LgTYjUMsTDhAeqzO21Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 28 May 2011. 
  5. ↑ "Iodine - Woodhall Spa and Gardens". The Lancet 1: 508. 1853. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CBlAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA420-IA2&dq=woodhall+spa&hl=en&ei=cn_eTdW1FcrZsgb4pdS4BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CE4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=woodhall%20spa&f=false. Retrieved 26 May 2011. 
  6. ↑ "Victoria Hotel". Woodhall Spa Village Website. http://www.woodhallspa.org/heritage_victoriahotel.html. Retrieved 26 May 2011. 
  7. ↑ Woodhall Spa Hotel - Lincs To The Past
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "Horncastle Lincolnshire". Visitor UK. http://www.horncastleuk.com/historydetail.php?id=735&cid=592&f=Horncastle. Retrieved 27 May 2011. 
  9. ↑ "Woodhall Spa". Lincolnshire County Council. http://www.visitlincolnshire.com/aviation/towns-and-villages/woodhall-spa-p148871. Retrieved 26 May 2011. 
  10. ↑ "Visit Lincolnshire". Woodhall Spa Cottage Museum. Lincolnshire County Council. http://www.visitlincolnshire.com/site/things-to-do/woodhall-spa-cottage-museum-p15831. Retrieved 26 May 2011. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 'Disused Stations' – Woodhall Spa
  12. ↑ Halpenny, Bruce Barrymore (1982) Action Stations 2 Military Airfields of Lincolnshire and the East Midlands, p. 207. Patrick Stephens Ltd, ISBN 0-85059-484-7
  13. ↑ "Thorpe Camp". http://home.clara.net/heureka/lincolnshire/thorpe-camp.htm. Retrieved 28 May 2013. 
  14. ↑ National Monuments Record: No. 1432038 – RAF Woodhall Spa, Tattershall Thorpe
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Halpenny, Bruce Barrymore, "The ghost dog of RAF Scampton", Lincolnshire Life
  16. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus Lincolnshire (The Buildings of England) p.881 ISBN 0-14-071027-2
  17. ↑ Hembry, Phyllis May; Cowie, Leonard W; Cowie, Evelyn Elizabth (1997). British spas from 1815 to the present. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 150. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QvDWk4YMAR8C&pg=PA148&dq=woodhall+spa+manor+estate&hl=en&ei=74reTcDNCYOTswadh5HOBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 26 May 2011. 
  18. ↑ Woodhall Spa Manor House
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Woodhall Spa - British Listed Buildings
  20. ↑ Ancient Monuments: Tower on the Moor
  21. ↑ (Scheduling Report)
  22. ↑ Simpson, W.D. (ed), 1960, _The building accounts of Tattershall Castle, 1434-1472_ (Lincoln Record Society 55) p. 39, 78 and note
  23. ↑ Woodhall Spa - Leisure - The Kinema in the Woods
  24. ↑ Cinema Treasures | Kinema in the Woods & Kinema Too
  25. ↑ "Jubilee Park Sold". Horncastle News. 22 December 2010. http://www.horncastlenews.co.uk/news/business/local-businesses/jubilee_park_sold_to_woodhall_spa_residents_for_1_1_2200689. Retrieved 25 May 2011. 
  26. ↑ "This Is Lincolnshire". Lincolnshire Echo. 3 May 2011. http://www.thisislincolnshire.co.uk/news/won-t-let-winter-ruin-good-summer/article-3510934-detail/article.html. Retrieved 25 May 2011. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Woodhall Spa Heritage
  28. ↑ Cox, J. Charles (1916); Lincolnshire p. 343; Methuen & Co. Ltd.; Retrieved 28 April 2011
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