Saltaire

Saltaire
Yorkshire West Riding
Saltaire mills from the Leeds and Liverpool Canal
Location
Grid reference:	SE139379
Location:	53°50’14"N, 1°47’25"W
Data
Post town:	Shipley
Postcode:	BD17
Dialling code:	01274
Local Government
Council:	Bradford
Parliamentary constituency:	Shipley
Website:	http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1028

Saltaire is a Victorian model village in the West Riding of Yorkshire at the edge of Shipley, three miles north of the centre of Bradford, beside the River Aire and Leeds and Liverpool Canal. The village has been designated by UNESCO as a 'World Heritage Site', encompassing the Victorian-era mill around which the village was created, Salt's Mill, and its associated residential districts.

History

Saltaire was built in 1851 by Sir Titus Salt, a leading industrialist in the Yorkshire woollen industry, and named from its founder's surname and the name of the River Aire. Salt moved his business (five separate mills) from Bradford to this site near Shipley to arrange his workers and to site his large textile mill by the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the railway. Salt employed the local architects Francis Lockwood and Richard Mawson.

Similar, but considerably smaller, projects had also been started around the same time by Edward Akroyd at Copley and by Henry Ripley at Ripley Ville. The cotton mill village of New Lanark, which is also a World Heritage site, was founded by David Dale in 1786.

Salt built neat stone houses for his workers (much better than the slums of Bradford), wash-houses with tap water, bath-houses, a hospital and an institute for recreation and education, with a library, a reading room, a concert hall, billiard room, science laboratory and a gymnasium. The village had a school for the children of the workers, almshouses, allotments, a park and a boathouse. Recreational initiatives were also encouraged such as the establishment of a drum and fife band for school age boys and a brass band, precursor of today's Hammonds Saltaire Band, for men of the village.

With the combination of quality housing, employment, recreation, educational facilities and social services the model town represented a landmark example of enlightened 19th century urban planning. In October 1872, Saltaire, along with Dean Clough Mill in Halifax, were featured highlights of the Japanese Government's Iwakura Mission tour of modern industrial Britain.

Sir Titus died in 1876 and was interred in the mausoleum adjacent to the Congregational church. When Sir Titus Salt's son, Titus Salt Junior, died, Saltaire was taken over by a partnership which included Sir James Roberts from Haworth.

Sir James Roberts had worked in wool mills since the age of eleven. He had significant business interests in Russia, and spoke Russian fluently. Roberts came to own Saltaire, but chose to invest his money heavily in Russia, losing some of his fortune in the Russian Revolution. He endowed a chair of Russian at Leeds University and bought the Brontë family's Haworth Parsonage for the nation. He is mentioned in T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land. Roberts is buried at Fairlight, Sussex. His legacy can still be seen in Saltaire in the park to the north of the river, which he named Roberts Park after his son when he gave it to Bradford Council in 1920.

Saltaire today

Saltaire Village cottages

In December 2001, Saltaire was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. This means that the government has a duty to protect the site. The buildings belonging to the model village are individually listed, with the highest level of protection given to the Congregational church (since 1972 Saltaire United Reformed Church) which is listed grade I. The village has survived remarkably complete, but further protection is needed as the village is blighted by traffic through the Aire Valley, an important east-west route. A bypass is proposed to relieve traffic pressure. Roberts Park, on the north side of the river, suffered from neglect and vandalism but has been restored by the City Council.

United Reformed Church

Saltaire is a conservation area. Victoria Hall (originally the Saltaire Institute) is used for meetings and concerts, and houses a Wurlitzer theatre pipe organ. The village is served by Saltaire railway station.

The Saltaire Festival, which first took place in 2003 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the foundation of Saltaire, is held every year over eleven days in September. Saltaire Arts Trail is a visual arts festival that takes place each May, where residents open the doors of their homes to become temporary art galleries.

In July 2014 it was announced that planning officers had compiled a list of front doors that were deemed to be "not in keeping with the buildings' historic status."

Proposed bypass

Saltaire is surrounded by a buffer zone established to protect the context of the World Heritage Site. Concerns have been raised over plans announced by Bradford Council and Action Airedale to site a bypass through the buffer zone to either side of the World Heritage Site and to tunnel beneath the village. Within sight of the mill, the tunnel would follow the line of the railway and exit behind the United Reformed Church. As it would pass alongside the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, it could impact on this Conservation Area. The route would impact on an ancient semi-natural woodland and the Woodland Garden of Remembrance at Nab Wood Cemetery.

Salts Mill today

Salts Mill closed as a textile mill in February 1986, and Jonathan Silver bought it the following year and began renovating it. Today it houses a mixture of business, commerce, leisure and residential use. In the main mill building are:

• The 1853 gallery: several large rooms given over to the works of the Bradford-born artist David Hockney: including paintings, drawings, photomontages and stage sets.
• Industrial companies including the electronics manufacturer Pace plc.
• Various shops. In 2006 there are shops selling books, art supplies, jewellery, outdoor wear, antiques, suits, bicycles and housewares; the last includes pieces by internationally known designers such as Alvar Aalto and Philippe Starck.
• Restaurants and cafés.

The "New Mill", on the other side of the canal, is divided between offices for the local National Health Service Trusts and residential flats.

On film and television

Some footage of Saltaire and the nearby Shipley Glen Tramway can be seen in the Yorkshire Film Archive: Shipley Glen (1914)

A short clip is available showing workers leaving Salt's Mill on 24 July 1900 available on the British Film Institute website.

The village was used as a location for the 2015 BBC television film An Inspector Calls.

Photographs

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  Victoria Hall, Saltaire Village

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  Salts Mill

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  Salts Mill and River Aire

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  Salts Mill

Outside links

("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Saltaire)

References

• Greenhalf, Jim (1997). Salt & Silver: A Story of Hope. Bradford Libraries. ISBN 0-907734-52-9. 
• Holloway, Julia Bolton. "Sir James Roberts". http://www.umilta.net/SirJamesRoberts.html. Retrieved 17 October 2009. 
• Holroyd, Abraham (2000) [1873]. Saltaire and its Founder. Piroisms Press. ISBN 0-9538601-0-8. 

Further reading

• Binns, Sheila (2013). The Aesthetics of Utopia: Saltaire, Akroydon and Bedford Park, Spire Books, ISBN 978 1 904965 45 9
• Saltaire at the Open Directory Project.
• Saltaire Village website
• Saltaire Arts Trail.
• Saltaire Inspired: Art in unique spaces.
• Saltaire United Reformed Church Website