Coventry Castle
| Coventry Castle | |
|
Warwickshire | |
|---|---|
 Caesar's Tower | |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | SP336788 |
| Location: | 52°24’27"N, 1°30’29"W |
| City: | Coventry |
| History | |
| Built 11th century | |
| Information | |
| Condition: | Destroyed (apart from Caesar's Tower) |
Coventry Castle was a motte-and-bailey castle in the city of Coventry, Warwickshire. It was demolished in the late 12th century and St Mary's Guildhall was built on part of the site.
History
Construction
It was built in the early 12th century by Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester.[1] Its first known use was during The Anarchy when Robert Marmion, a supporter of King Stephen, expelled the monks from the adjacent priory of Saint Mary and converted it into a fortress from which he waged a battle against the Earl. Marmion perished in the battle.
In 1147, those loyal to the king retreated to its defences during a siege by Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester whilst he tried to recapture the castle after he had handed the castle over to King Stephen. This was because whilst he was captured by the King in 1146 he was forced to give his castles over, although he only yielded a number of which Coventry was one.[2] After the siege was lifted, King Stephen destroyed the castle, however it was probably later repaired as it was described as a viable fortification in 1182.[3]
Tudor period
In November 1569, Mary, Queen of Scots was detained in Caesar's Tower, by which time St Mary's Guildhall had been built onto it.[4] The room in which she was detained is disputed. A room in Caesar's Tower nicknamed the "Mary Queen of Scots" was originally thought to be the location due to its cell-like appearance however it is likely she was held in the " Old Mayoress's Parlour".[4]
Present day
Today, Caesar's Tower – which is thought to be all that remains of the castle – still exists as part of St Mary's Guildhall. It was rebuilt after bombing during the Second World War.[5] On the bottom floor of the tower is "the Treasury", and above it is what is known (though, it is thought to be incorrectly) as the "Mary Queen of Scots room".
The Cathedral Lanes Shopping Centre was constructed over part of the castle.[6]
References
- Notes
- ↑ McGrory, D. 2003. A History of Coventry, 31
- ↑ McGrory, D. 2003. A History of Coventry, 34
- ↑ Historic England. "Coventry Castle (869495)". PastScape. http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=869495. Retrieved 15 January 2008
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Mary Queen of Scots and St. Mary's Guildhall". Coventry City Council. Archived from the original on 29 October 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121029165338/http://www.stmarysguildhall.co.uk/info/5/history/24/mary_queen_of_scots_and_st_marys_guildhall. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
- ↑ National Heritage List 1116402: St Mary's Hall
- ↑ "Coventry Castle". The Coventry Pages. Archived from the original on 6 June 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070606055913/http://www.thecoventrypages.net/hstoric-cov/castle.asp. Retrieved 14 Apr 2008.
- Bibliography
- Cathcart King, David J. (1983), Catellarium Anglicanum: An Index and Bibliography of the Castles in England, Wales and the Islands. Volume I: Anglesey–Montgomery, Kraus International Publications
Further reading
- Fry, Plantagenet Somerset, The David & Charles Book of Castles, David & Charles, 1980. ISBN 0-7153-7976-3